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– Nelson Mandela

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Chapter 3-Discussion

Chapter 3-Discussion

Q What is the ecological fallacy? How does the "unit of analysis" play a role in committing this error? Why are researchers interested in studying the "aggregate" rather than individuals? 2. Define the following terms: cohort, trend, panel, cross-sectional studies, and longitudinal studies. Give a criminal justice example of each (give your own example and not one from the book)

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An ecological fallacy is an official fallacy, committed mostly during the elucidation of various statistical information that takes place when; interpretations about the characteristics of certain individuals are completely deduced from one inference to another, based on the group to which those people actually belonged. Quite often, ecological fallacy is referred to as the “Fallacy of Division” that is not considered a statistical problem at all (Schwartz, 1994). Four common statistical ecological fallacies are firstly, the level of misperception about different ecological correlations, confusion amid group average as well as total average.